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Prashant Mishra ¹, Ravinder Kumar ¹, Vivek Singh ¹, Gopal Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The effect of integration of organic amendments with fungal or bacterial antagonists (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) applied as soil treatment was evaluated against sheath blight disease in Basmati rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani under field conditions. Neem cake + T. harzianum was found to be the most effective treatment in reducing the disease incidence by up to 57.27% and disease severity by 54.77% followed by farm yard manure (FYM) + T. harzianum, which resulted in the reduction of disease incidence to 53.77% and disease severity to 52.29%, respectively. Among all the organic amendments, reduction of sheath blight was lowest with sawdust + P. fluorescens with disease incidence of 40.94% and disease severity of 35.29%. Maximum increase in grain yield (39.44%) and 1000-grain weight of rice (29.19g) were recorded with neem cake + T. harzianum treatment followed by treatments FYM + T. harzianum and pressmud + T. harzianum. Minimum increase in grain yield (9.76%) and 1000-grain weight (11.53%) were recorded with the treatment Sawdust + P. fluorescens.

Keywords

Antagonist, Organic Amendment, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rice, Sheath Blight, Trichoderma harzianum.

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D. K. Bhatt ¹, Gopal Singh ², Sumant Gupta ², M. K. Soni ³, A. K. Moitra ⁴, D. P. Das ⁵, C. De ⁵

Affiliations
1 Geological Survey of India, Jaipur 320004, IN
2 Geological Survey of India, Lucknow 226024, IN
3 Geological Survey of India, Jabalpur 482003, IN
4 Geological Survey of India, Hyderabad 500068, IN
5 Geological Survey of India, Calcutta 700016, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Yogesh Prasad Rajbhar ¹, Manmohan Singh ¹, Anil Kumar ¹, Gopal Singh ¹, Abhimanyu Singh ¹, D. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The maximum callus formation (20.3%) was observed in treatment BAP 8 mgl^-1 while the minimum (4.6%) was noted under control. With the combination of BAP and BA, the maximum callus formation ( 27.0%) was recorded under BAP 8 mgl^-1 + BA 4 mgl^-1 ; however, it was at par with BAP 8 mgl^-1 + BA 3 mgl^-1 at 75 days after inoculation.At 90 days after inoculation, maximum callus percentage (29.3) was found under BAP 8 mgl^-1+ BA 4 mgl^-1. At 105 days after inoculation, callus percentage was maximum callus (33.0%) was noted under the treatment combination of BAP 8 mgl^-1+ BA 4 mgl^-1, however, it was significantly at par with BAP 8 mgl^-1+ BA 3 mgl^-1, while the minimum (9.3%) was recorded under control again. The earliest shoot initiation (21.0, 22.0 days, respectively) was noted under BAP 8 mgl^-1 and BA 5 mgl^-1, separately; while it was statistically earliest i.e. 20.66 days in combination with BAP 2 mgl^-1+ BA 5 mgl^-1. Maximum shoot length (0.76 cm) was recorded in the treatment of BAP 8 mgl^-1. at 20 days after shoot initiation.Maximum shoot length (3.06 cm) was noted under BAP 8 mgl^-1 alone which statistically superior to other under BAP alone treatments while it recorded minimum under control at 40 days after shoot initiation. Under BA treatments, the maximum shoot length (2.26 cm) was noted with BA 4 mgl^-1 and 5 mgl^-1 both; however, it was at par with BA 2 mgl^-1 and 3 mgl^-1 at 40 days after shoot initiation. With the effect of BAP and BA combinations, the maximum shoot length (3.23cm) was recorded under BAP 8 mgl^-1+ BA 5 mgl^-1 at 40 days after shoot initiation. The minimum duration of ischolar_main initiation (14.66 days) was noted under the treatment of Indole Butyric acid 4 mgl^-1 ; however, it was significantly at par with indole butyric acid 2 mgl^-1 and 3 mgl^-1. The maximum duration (34.33 days) was observed under control. Minimum number of ischolar_mains (4.0 ischolar_mains) were recorded under the treatment applied 1 mgl^-1 IBA in culture medium. Further, number of ischolar_mains was found maximum 10.33 ischolar_mains under the treatment of 5 mgl^-1 IBA followed by 4 mgl^-1 IBA concentrations. Culture medium with IBA 5 mgl^-1 showed maximum ischolar_main length (1.66 cm) followed by IBA 4 mgl^-1 , 3 mgl^-1 and 2 mgl^-1 with 1.56 cm, 1.40 cm and 1.06 cm, respectively. It was concluded that BAP 8 mgl^-1 and BA 5 mgl^-1 separately performed better results on account of callus formation, shoot initiation and multiplication of shoots whereas with their combination viz., BAP 8 mgl^-1 +BA 4 mgl^-1 showed best result on the above parameters. For ischolar_main initiation and its development IBA 5 mgl^-1 was found to be the best among all the treatments.

Keywords

Cytokinin, Shoot Multiplication, Banana, In-vitro Condition.

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Yogesh Prasad Rajbhar ¹, S. D. Singh ¹, Mohan Lal ¹, Gopal Singh ¹, P. L. Rawat ¹

Affiliations
1 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Zonal Research Centre -Nagina (Bijnor)-246 762(U.P.) during 2000 to evaluate the performance of high density planting of mango (Mangifera indica L.). The mango variety Dashehari scion wood of 20-22cm grafted on seedling ischolar_mainstock in July 1999 were planted at Horticulture Section in August, 2000 at two spacing viz., 10m × 10m (100 plants/ha-normal density) and 3.0m × 3.0 (1111plants/ha-high density). Five grafts were planted in normal density and 160 grafts were planted in high density employing about 0.1940 ha area. Grafts in normal density were planted at marked points prepared by pit digging (1×1×1m) and then by filling the pits with dug soil mixed with 100 g N, 75 g P₂O₅ and 75 g K₂O fertilizer mixture, whereas grafts in high density were planted directly with the use of fertilizers containing 100 kg N, 75 kg P₂O₅ and 75kg K₂O/ha. Normal package of pracices was applied in both the system of plantings. The plant height (5.30m) was recorded under normal planting whereas it was found little different in high density of mango at 11^th year of their planting. The stem girth under normal system was noted as 55.7cm whereas,it was slightly reduced to 50.7cm under high density of planting. The expansion of East-West and North- South direction both were recorded same as 3.10m and 3.03m in normal planting and high density planting, respectively. The fruit yield 22.30q/ha was noted under normal density of planting whereas, it was 242.20q/ha at 5^th year of planting under high density planting system. The fruit yield ranged from 22.30to 109.80 q/ha from 5^th year to 11^th year, respectively under normal system of planting whereas it ranged from 242.2 to 1093.22q/ha under HDP system of planting. The observations showed that the fruit yield ratio of normal system of planting to HDP were 1:10.86, 1:9.92, 1:9.90,1:8.67, 1:9.80, 1:9.27 and 1:9.95 from 5^th year to 11^th year of age, respectively. So, it is a very informative and need of the hour to plant HDP system of mango just to get 9 to 10 times more yield for increasing mango productivity and to reach the king of fruit to the common people.

Keywords

High Density Planting, Mangifera indica, Mango.

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Yogesh Prasad Rajbhar ¹, Bhagat Singh ¹, Gopal Singh ¹, D. K. Singh ¹, Mukesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Horticulture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out at the Horticulture Research Center, of the SardarVallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2013- 2014.The maximum number of fruits (20.85) were recorded in the variety Chandler which was significantly superior to the rest of the varieties and followed by Gorella,Selva and Confictura.The maximum fruit yield per plant (385.57g) was recorded in the variety Chandler which was superior to the rest of the varieties and was followed by Selva, Confictura and Douglas. The minimum fruit yield per plant (177.79g) was noted in Gorella variety.The maximum fruit weight (18.41g) was recorded in the variety Chandler which was significantly superior to the rest and followed by Confictura, Selva and Douglas.Application of gibberellic acid (GA₃) 100 ppm + vermicompost @ 100q/ha was found to be the best treatment in response to fruit weight among different varieties of strawberry and recorded 16.48g. The maximum fruit yield (171.36q/ha) was recorded in the variety Chandler which was significantly superior to the rest and was followed by Selva, Confictura and Douglas; however, Selva and Confictura were statistically at par to each other. Variety Chandler responded maximum effect on fruit yield per hectare i.e. 205.357q/ha with the spray of gibberellic acid (GA₃) 100 ppm and application of vermicompost @ 100q/ha. The maximum total soluble soilds (10.68ºBrix) was recorded in the variety Douglas which was superior to the rest and was followed by Confictura, Selva and Gorella. The minimum TSS value (9.41ºBrix) was noted in Chandler variety. Douglas responded maximum effect on TSS value i.e. 11.50 ºBrix with the spray of gibberellic acid (GA₃) 100 ppm and application of vermicompost @ 100q/ha as basal dose which was statistically significant to other treatments and followed by Confictura, Selva and Gorella. Viewing the above observations, Chandler, Confictura and selva were found promising for commercial cultivation, however, Gorella was found to be earliest among all.

Keywords

Growth Regulator, Vermicompost, Growth, Yield, Cultivars.

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Tarun Kumar ¹, Samsher ¹, Suresh Chandra ¹, Neelesh Chauhan ¹, Gopal Singh ², Vaishali ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
2 Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Experiments were carried out to develop mushroom powder using oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) with three different treatments. Products were kept in pet jar during storage. Physico-chemical parameters like moisture, ash, fat, protein, crude fibre, sugar, carbohydrates, energy, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins etc. were evaluated. Investigation for organoleptic evaluation of the products was also performed during storage. On the basis of the experimental data it may be concluded that blanched mushroom powder samples contains minimum moisture, due to rapture of cells during blanching process. In most cases, values like ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sugar, energy and mostly vitamins; KMS treated samples were found superior over control and blanched samples. During organoleptic evaluation KMS treated mushroom powder sample got better score over other samples.

Keywords

Mushroom Powder, Nutritional Content, KMS, Sensory Evaluation.

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Himani Saini ¹, Gopal Singh ¹, Manju Rohil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana), IN
2 Ch. Devi Lal Government Polytechnic, Nathusari Chopta, Sirsa (Haryana), IN

Abstract

The growing relevance of trust and privacy preservation in cloud computing environments stems from the need to preserve sensitive data, comply with regulations, and maintain user confidence in the face of evolving cyber risks and privacy issues. This study suggests a unique key strength assessment, trust model, and ABC-GOA hybrid optimization technique-based privacy-preserving mechanism. The trust model is essential for determining how trustworthy cloud service providers (CSPs) are. To assess the trustworthiness of CSPs, it considers elements including reputation, regulatory compliance, and user input. The trust model assists users in selecting CSPs for their requirements in data storage and processing by taking these factors into account. The suggested system includes key strength assessment, which uses Shannon entropy to assess the reliability of cryptographic keys, to improve data security. This assessment guarantees that the encryption keys used to safeguard sensitive data are robust enough to fend against assaults and illegal access. Users may be sure that their data is private and safe in the cloud environment by calculating the key strength. The hybrid ABC-GOA optimization approach optimizes the suggested mechanism's privacy and data security and this method combines the benefits of the two algorithms to improve the capabilities for exploration and exploitation. The ABC-GOA algorithm effectively explores the solution space and identifies the best solution, enhancing the privacy-preserving mechanism's overall functionality. To tackle an optimization challenge, our proposed model was compared to current models. The suggested model using the ABC-GOA algorithm has the greatest optimal cost value for privacy preservation, data security, and computational efficiency. This demonstrates the excellence and potency of our suggested technique in resolving the issues presented by data security and privacy in cloud systems.

Keywords

Cloud Service Provider (CSP), Trust Model, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Key Strength, Cloud Computing.

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